What is a Logic Model?
A Logic Model:- Is a simplified picture or model of a project or initiative set within the context of an external situation, or in response to a specific issue or problem
- Shows the logical relationships among the resources that are invested, the activities that take place and the benefits or changes that occur as a result.
- Is a tool to guide planning, managing, evaluating, and communicating about a project, program or initiative
A logic model is a visual representation of a program that includes the context, situation or problem that drives the initiative and how investments are linked to activities for specific participants to achieve desired goals. The logic model can be used for the design of specific projects as well as for broad-scale organizational planning. A logic model displays the connections between resources, activities and outcomes and can be used in developing a more detailed management plan. Creating a logic model is the first step in evaluation. It helps determine when and what to evaluate to test and verify the program theory – how we believe the program will work. A logic model assists in focusing on appropriate ways to measure progress towards identified project goals.
Logic models are not fixed or static. They best serve as a fluid and dynamic representation of your program. A logic model should be reviewed, revisited and revised in conjunction with the results of evaluations or other insights that reflect a deeper understanding of program assumptions, the external environment or how a program is operating.
Main Elements of a Logic Model:
Inputs - the resources that are invested in the project (time, people, money, materials, etc…)
Outputs - the, services, events, and products that reach program participants (individuals, groups, agencies). Outputs are divided into activities and audiences.
- Activities - "what we do or offer" (research, workshops, publications and other print materials, web products, consultation, diagnostic services, etc).
- Audiences - “who we reach” with these activities.
Impacts - the changes, results or benefits for individuals, groups, or systems.
- Short-term impacts - changes in knowledge, skill development and attitudes
- Intermediate-term impacts - changes in behaviors, actions or decisions
- Long-term impacts - the ultimate desired impacts of a program. These may be sustained changes in social, economic, environmental or civic conditions
Additional Common Elements of Logic Models:
Situation – the context or set of external conditions that the problem or issue that a program is to address occurs within
Assumptions - the beliefs we have about the program, the people involved and the way we think the program will work
External factors - a host of factors that influence program success. These include the social climate, economic structure, demographic patterns, political environment, the background and experiences of program participants, media influence, changing policies and priorities.